Abbreviated as NY on abbreviationfinder.org, New York State stretches from the Atlantic coast to Canada and the Great Lakes. The state derives its name from the English Duke of York. Although half of the population of New York State lives in New York City , the state has much more to offer than just big city life. It is rightly called “Empire State”.
New York City
HUMAN AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
According to countryaah.com, NYC is a city of the United States, on the North Atlantic coast. In 2005 the population within the boundaries of the municipality was estimated at 8,148,000 residents, With an increase of almost 12 % over a fifteen year period; in the same period, the metropolitan area, which encompasses thirty counties in the states of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and, marginally, Pennsylvania, has instead lost over a million residents and has fallen to 18.7 million, although it remains the most vast country. Indeed, after a period of stagnation in the 1980s, the last decade of the 20th century. and the early 21st° represented for the main urban nucleus a resumption of demographic attraction, mainly due to the successes of the severe anti-crime campaigns, the decrease in ethnic clashes and the improvement in the quality of life. In particular, the ‘zero tolerance’ policy has resulted in the lowest crime rate among large urban areas in the United States. At the same time, there has been a marked population turnover, particularly in the southern section of Manhattan, where the surge in real estate values resulting from the strong demand for offices has led to a tightening of the availability of housing. The rise in settlement costs, together with the possibilities of relocation linked to telematic progress,
The white community of European roots, while remaining dominant, is now dominated by all the black and Hispanic-American (27 % each) and Asian (10 %) minorities. The cosmopolitan nature of the metropolis is increased by the size (36 %) of the population born abroad: less than in Los Angeles or Miami, but with a much larger recruitment pool, since in NY the number of Latin American immigrants is almost equaled by the total of Asian and European ones; the most conspicuous groups are now Dominicans, Chinese, Jamaicans and Russians. Within the city limits there is also the largest concentration of Jews (about one million) outside of Israel.
City life suffered a severe blow from the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, when two airliners hijacked by Islamic fundamentalists caused the demolition of the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, almost an emblem of the Manhattan landscape, with a budget of about 3000 deaths. The decisive reaction of the community allowed for a rapid recovery and found its most significant expression in a large project to reuse the area of the tragedy (see architecture).
Together with London and Tokyo, NY is recognized as one of the ‘command centers’ of the world economy: it hosts a very extensive network of financial, insurance and real estate activities. Qualification in the global field is largely supported by the establishment of a formidable crowd of branches of large foreign companies: it is estimated that one-tenth of private jobs are offered precisely by these protagonists of the world scene. The concentration of the communications and information industries, of the university training systems (with 400,000students) and those of research (especially in the field of medicine and life sciences and in that of technology). The metropolis is also one of the global hubs of ‘creativity’: it dominates in sectors ranging from artistic activities and the universe of entertainment to fashion and film production. The result is the stable or fluctuating presence of a large community of businessmen, international officials, students, teachers, artists from the most disparate countries; not to mention the large number of tourists. The exceptional size of human contacts is underlined by an annual amount of 2.4 billion trips, insured for almost 60%from a very extensive underground network. The growth in passenger movement of the airports in the metropolitan area is very impetuous, reaching approximately 100 million in 2005. The primacy of the city in the Internet is inserted in the same context, for which it represents, at the beginning of the 2000s, a node (gateway) with a capacity of almost 500 Gigabits per second. If manufacturing activities are now decidedly dominated by intangible production declined in the widest range, the more peripheral areas of the metropolis still concentrate important industrial persistence, especially in the chemical, mechanical, food, clothing and furniture sectors. These activities still maintain conspicuous levels of traffic on the vast network of canals in the area and those of the complex port system, on whose quays 77 million tonnes of goods per year transit.
The municipality has been heavily involved in energy saving policies, achieving significant progress in the field of environmental sustainability (e.g., with extensive use of methane on surface public transport and with an attempt at experimental production of electricity from the force of the tides.). According to some indices, the city currently boasts the primacy of sustainability among the millionaire centers of the United States. But the excessive levels of fine particles in the atmosphere still represent very acute risks for the health of citizens.
Rochester
City of the state of New York (United States), capital of Monroe County, at 155 meters above sea level; it rises on the Genesee River, a short distance from its outlet in Lake Ontario. The city is served by large waterways, which have greatly influenced its development; born at the beginning of the last century (in 1815 it had only 331 inhabitants), it has been developing on both banks of the Genesee, which forms picturesque waterfalls (Upper and Lower Falls) within the limits of the town, extending on an undulating plane, powerfully affected by the glacial phenomenon, dotted with lakes. Crosses the city, from west to east, the old Erie Canal (1825), which was for a long time the main traffic artery from the Great Lakes to New York, which was succeeded at the end of the last century by the Barge Canal, which runs about 5 km. to the south of the previous one (at the intersection with the Genesee river a convenient port has arisen). The master plan has the typical radial shape in the oldest part. The city has a continental climate with an average annual temperature of 8 °, 3; the winters are cold (in January −4 °, 5), the summers are hot (in July 21 °, 6), with enormous differences between absolute minimums and maximums (−24 °, 5; 37 °, 2); very abundant snow (2210 mm), with the maximum in January and February; rainfall is around 862 mm. annual, distributed in each month of the year; SW winds prevail. hot summers (in July 21 °, 6), with enormous differences between absolute minimums and maximums (−24 °, 5; 37 °, 2); very abundant snow (2210 mm), with the maximum in January and February; rainfall is around 862 mm. annual, distributed in each month of the year; SW winds prevail. hot summers (in July 21 °, 6), with enormous differences between absolute minimums and maximums (−24 °, 5; 37 °, 2); very abundant snow (2210 mm), with the maximum in January and February; rainfall is around 862 mm. annual, distributed in each month of the year; SW winds prevail.
The demographic development has been very remarkable: the center from 331 inhabitants in 1815 rose to 9207 in 1830, to 36,403 in 1850, to 89,366 in 1880, to 162,608 in 1900, to 218,149 in 1910, to 295,750 in 1920, to 328,132 in 1930 (numerous aggregations of neighboring centers), thus occupying the 3rd place among the great cities of the state of New York (after New York and Buffalo) and the 22nd among the great cities of the Confederation.
In 1930 the ethnic composition was as follows: Indigenous whites 76.4%; Whites born abroad 22.8%; Negri and others 0.8%. Of the Whites born abroad (74,696 individuals), the most important nuclei were offered by Italians (23,935), Germans (10,287), Canadians (10,113), English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish (8288), Poles (5878) , etc.
The city has enormous industrial and commercial importance: in 1930 144,855 people were employed in various activities, of which 44% in crafts and industry, 22.2% in trade and transport. Large industry employed 39,108 workers in 1909; 63,792 in 1919; 58,448 in 1929. The first activity that developed was that of milling, favored by the abundant grain harvests of the region and by the presence of the waterfalls of the river, which then decayed following the displacement of grain cultivation in the immense plains of the west. Currently Rochester is of great importance for the clothing industry (10,647 workers in 1929), of the shoe factory (leather and rubber) with 4390 workers in 1929, of electrical equipment (5180 workers), for foundries and iron and steel industries (about 3300 workers ), but above all for the manufacture of optical and photographic instruments (about 4000 workers) for which it enjoys international fame (the famous Kodak house is based in Rochester). The city is served by numerous railway lines, by interurban electric trunks, by navigation lines that connect it with numerous Canadian lake and river centers and by ferries to Coburg (Canada); it is an active port of loading for coal; it is an important aviation center with the airlines of the American Airways company; finally, it is home to numerous higher education institutions, including the University of Rochester, founded in 1850, in the eastern section of the city, with 387 teachers and 1646 students in 1932; the Rochester Theological Seminary (1850); Saint Bernard’s Theological Seminary (1893), Nazareth College (1924),
Monuments. – Rochester stands out among American cities for its natural beauty: Durand-Eastman and Genesee Valley parks contain many beautiful scenic viewpoints of the river running through the city in a deep gorge. Some modern ecclesiastical buildings have an artistic character; we remember the cathedral of S. Patrizio. The New York Central Railroad station, designed by CF Bragdon, has noble proportions. The university’s Memorial Art Gallery, with a beautiful Palladian portico, is increasingly expanding its collection of paintings. The Eastman Theater and School of Music, built by Gordon and Kaelber, assisted by advice from McKim, Mead and White, is luxurious and colorful: the Renaissance-style main auditorium has wall decorations by Ezra Winter and Barry Faulkner.
Albany
City of the United States of America, capital of the State of New York. It was re-founded in 1664 by the British on the right of the Hudson River, in the area of Fort Orange, a Dutch trading post, and the nearby village of Beverwick. Due to its position on the frontier and its role in the fur trade it was of considerable importance during the Franco-English colonial wars and in the subsequent American War of Independence. From 1797 it was the capital of the State of New York and in the nineteenth century it also had a strong political and commercial influence, thanks to its position on the major river and railway communication routes. It participated in the industrial development of the region, becoming a significant immigration center from Canada and Europe.
